Kesgarh Sahib is the most important Takhats. It the birth place of the KHALSA.  It is located in Anandpur city in the Punjab state.  10th Guru Guru Gobind Singh Ji founded the Khalsa (The Pure i.e. spiritually enlightened ones) on the day of Vaisakhi in 1699.
Takhat Damadama Sahib is located at village Talwandi Sabo. Guru Gobind Singh Ji stayed here for nearly one year. The place is very significant as Guru Ji prepared second and final version of Guru Granth Sahib. This version of the Granth is referred to as "Damdami Birh" (dmdmI bIV).  First version composed by Guru Arjan Dev Ji was in possession of Dhir Mal's (Guru Ji's cousin's) family members who refused to hand it over to Guru Ji and challenged him to write it himself if he was the real Guru. Guru Ji dictated the Gurbani through his spiritual power as Bhai Mani Singh wrote it down. He added hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji making a total of 1430 pages and hymns composed in 31 raags.